La reclamación de Canadá por el Northwestern Passage: aspiraciones geopolíticas y dilemas de seguridad

Arctic Council. (2021, 13 de abril). Report on shipping in the Northwest Passage launched. https://tinyurl.com/26cjzzor

Mahan, A. T. (1890). The influence of sea power upon history: 1660-1783.

Álvarez, C., Ramírez, Y., & Castaño, G. (2015). Geografía, Estado y gran estrategia: Una relación indisoluble. En C. Álvarez Calderón & A. E. Fernández Osorio (Eds.), Hacia una gran estrategia en Colombia: construcción de política pública en seguridad y defensa (vol. 1, pp. 81-148). Sello Editorial ESDEG. https://doi.org/10.21830/9789585692862.02

Byers, M., & Lalonde, S. (2006). Who controls the Northwest Passage? Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 42.

Bourne, C. B. (1987). The Canadian Yearbook of International Law (vol. 25, p. 406).

Canadian Geographic. (2018, 7 de junio). Inuit—Climate change. https://tinyurl.com/yjzt5qyg

Clark, J. (1985, 10 de septiembre). Statement on sovereignty. En F. Griffiths (Ed.), Politics of the Northwest Passage (p. 271).

CNBC. (2022). Why the U.S. is falling behind in Arctic shipping [video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGTdxR3HAh8

De Inza, B. P., & Sánchez, I. G. (2013). Geopolítica del deshielo en el Ártico. Política Exterior, 27(154), 88-96. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43594850

De Visscher, C. (1957). Theory and realities in public international law.

Department of National Defence. (2024). Our North, strong and free: A renewed vision for Canada’s defence. https://tinyurl.com/24v28yo2

Discovering the Arctic. (2018, 22 de septiembre). The Northwest Passage – the Arctic Grail. https://tinyurl.com/2c5nqdpk

Edmonds, M. (2019). United States Arctic policy and the Northwest Passage. https://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/290/308/192/edmonds.pdf

Environment & Society Portal. (2024, 4 de febrero). The Northwest Passage as a question of sovereignty. https://tinyurl.com/yb2wqua7

Estrada, G. (2020). Cambio climático y aproximación de las potencias al Ártico. Boletín IEEE, 17, 650-677.

Government of Canada. (2019, 1.º de marzo). Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America on Arctic cooperation. Government of Canada. https://www.treaty-accord.gc.ca/text-texte.aspx?id=101701

Government of Canada. (2022, 22 de septiembre). Arctic and Northern Policy Framework. https://tinyurl.com/y2jhlnjw

Government of Canada. (2024, 20 de febrero). Inuit. https://tinyurl.com/yaf3fwct

Haas, C., & Howell, S. E. L. (2015). Ice thickness in the Northwest Passage. Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 7673-7680. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065704

Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada. (2022, 25 de enero). ICC’s political universe. https://tinyurl.com/29bwbl7y

Falkingham, J. C. (2000, septiembre). Sea ice in the Canadian Arctic in the 21st century. https://www.taiga.net/nce/seaice.htm

Mackinder, H. J. (2011). El pivote geográfico de la historia. Geopolítica(s). Revista de Estudios sobre Espacio y Poder, 1(2), 301-319. https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/GEOP/article/view/36331

Ministry of Justice. (1985). Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/ACTS/A-12/section-2-20190807.html

Morrison, W. R. (2006). Canadian Arctic sovereignty. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://tinyurl.com/y5n5bdox

NASA Earth Observatory. (2021, agosto). Ice persists in the Northwest Passage. https://tinyurl.com/22cd8j6x

National Post. (2015, 25 de enero). Northwest Passage crossed by first cargo ship, the Nordic Orion, heralding new era of Arctic commercial activity. https://tinyurl.com/y8exv6x5

Newman, S. (2013, 27 de septiembre). Freighter makes first-of-its-kind transit of Northwest Passage. NPR. https://tinyurl.com/23t4osbp

Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU). (1982, 10 de diciembre). Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar. Montego Bay.

Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME). (2019). Shipping in the Northwest Passage: Comparing 2013 with 2019. https://tinyurl.com/22dlna5z

Pharand, D. (2007). The Arctic waters and the Northwest Passage: A final revisit. Ocean Development & International Law, 38(1-2), 3-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00908320601071314

Sanjuán, P. A., & Marino, E. (2024). Los recursos minerales y energéticos en el Ártico: Una nueva frontera a explorar (Cuadernos de Estrategia 218). Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos. https://doi.org/10.21028/pas.2024.02.05

Statistics Canada. (2012, 24 de diciembre). Canada Year Book, 2012 - Geography. https://tinyurl.com/2mwdqbga

Schweller, R. (2010). The logic and illogic of the security dilemma and contemporary realism: A response to Wagner’s critique. International Theory, 2(2), 288-305. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1752971910000096

The European External Action Service. (2021). El Ártico, una región clave para la UE y la seguridad mundial. https://tinyurl.com/22mmtlbh

US Department of State. (s.f.). [Número de archivo P86 0019-8641]. Office of Ocean Affairs.

Waltz, K. (1979). Theory of international politics. McGraw-Hill.

Waltz, K. N. (2000). Structural realism after the Cold War. International Security, 25(1), 5-41. https://tinyurl.com/yc36526n

Washington Post. (2021, 27 de octubre). A luxury cruise ship sets sail for the Arctic, thanks to climate change. https://tinyurl.com/gwrnlos